In this article, the authors first discuss the multi-tiered Indian education system. Then, they examine the challenges for special education in India, including: (1) the issues surrounding appropriate assessment in a multilingual country, which is enhanced by marked differences in children's socioeconomic status; (2) social stigma of disabilities as well as teachers' lack of preparation in special education; and (3) the lack of government-supported efforts at identifying children with special needs. Finally, the authors outline some organizational and governmental efforts currently underway in India to promote awareness, training, and support for the education of students with disabilities.