Ability grouping is a common approach to dealing with student variance in learning. In general, findings suggest that such an approach to dealing with student differences is disadvantageous to students who struggle in school and advantageous to advanced learners. The concept of differentiation suggests that there is another alternative to effective teaching of academically diverse student populations. Moving beyond a pedagogy that sorts students and a pedagogy that ignores their essential differences and needs, teachers would instead create a classroom in which all students would work with a high-level, engaging, meaning-making curriculum in a flexible classroom environment. In such settings, teachers would routinely provide support for students who need additional scaffolding to succeed and for students who need to work at a more complex level. In other words, such classrooms would raise both the floors of expectations and the ceilings of possibility.