It is no longer news that the U.S. is becoming a more diverse nation and will someday have a nonwhite majority, with students from many language backgrounds. They will arrive at school with great skill disparities, and the nation's future will depend on how effectively schools and teachers respond. Professional learning for teachers will need to focus in much more sophisticated ways than are common today on techniques of effectively differentiating classroom instruction. Through creative applications of technology and informed by rigorous research, professional learning communities should set about mastering ways to inspire and enable children from all backgrounds to reach internationally competitive levels of academic proficiency within a highly challenging academic curriculum. Children from every background have vast potential. The challenge for coming decades is to equip teachers with skills and tools for differentiating instruction in ways that enable and inspire children from all backgrounds to become excellent students, skilled parents, productive workers, and, ultimately, fulfilled human beings.