This article reports the results of a study examining the reading attitudes of the Russian people. This study also investigates the motives that guide adults in their choice of literature. Researchers have noted that two motives stand out: (1) "normative" or "pragmatic" reading (for school, exams, and reports; for carrying out specific assignments; etc.); and (2) "compensator" reading or reading for "relaxation" for the purpose of being diverted from unpleasant situations, as a psychotherapeutic means, or for recreation. Some of the findings of the study include: (1) A total of 59 percent of the respondents of the study have home libraries of 100 to 300 books, and 31 percent have libraries of 300 to 1,000 books or more; (2) The number of readers, users of libraries, is going up; and (3) A great number of adults continue to rely mainly on the knowledge that they acquired way back when, which still serves them in their practical endeavors. Based on the findings of the study, the authors of the study suggest that the right to free reading, reading just for oneself, "for enjoyment" for an adult is not to be disputed. In addition, they contend that it is essential to think in pedagogical ways about more useful and subtle forms of expanding readers' needs and the development of their taste. They also explain that a key role in satisfying adult readers' demands is played by the librarian, who serves as the mediator between the world of book culture and the reader's personality.