Using data collected in Israel as part of the Civic Education Study of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), this study explores how the divide between Israeli Jews and Israeli Palestinian Arabs is reflected in youngsters' citizenship orientations. To put this case study in context, the article first discusses issues related to pluralism and unity within multiethnic societies, and then provides an overview of the various dimensions of the national divide within Israeli society between Israeli Arabs and Jews. It then sketches some of the differences between Orthodox and non-Orthodox Israeli Jews.