In recent years, there has been an extraordinary surge of interest in achieving a greater understanding of the needs of children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism, and with this increase in attention, research has provided a range of directions with respect to treatment guidelines. However, there is also a need for empirically supported evidence that can guide parents and professionals in their choices for educational programming for this unique population. A summary of the principal conclusions that can be drawn from the current treatment efficacy research is provided along with practical issues related to navigating the intervention literature, and directions for future research in this field.