This 4-year longitudinal study compared characteristics of different day care contexts and the home environment of young children in Turkey and their effects on child outcomes. Findings indicated that custodial and educational day care differed in quality. Short- and long-term child outcomes suggested that educational settings supported child development better than custodial settings. Home-reared children had better outcomes than children in custodial settings for most short- and long-term outcomes. (Author/KB)