This article evaluates the use of audio-recorded conversations and reflections for assisting study abroad participants in critically analyzing conversational interactions. The participants recorded a series of conversations with native speakers of Japanese using digital audio recorders, and, subsequently, analyzed the recordings in a journal and a final paper. After noticing the use of code-switching by native speakers of Japanese, the participants concluded that the use of English code-switching was disadvantageous to their learning process. This article explores code-switching in conversations recorded on study abroad to examine if code-switching creates opportunities for learning and, if so, what conclusions learners/researchers made based on their observations and analysis. The native speakers used code-switching for various purposes: repairing a source of trouble, indexing their identities as speakers of another language, and marking opportunities for learning. The results exposed the participants' misconceptions and demonstrated that code-switching offered opportunities for learning.