The purpose of this study was to analyze the hierarchical effects of individual and organizational variables on elementary school teachers' lifelong learning competence. The participants in this study comprised 1,077 teachers in service in 70 public elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. In this study, 70 schools were sampled using multi-stage stratified sampling, and 10 to 20 teachers were randomly selected for each school. The collected data was analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. There are three major findings. First, gender, lifelong learning experience, learning agility, learning motivation, and positive psychological capital among the individual variables had meaningful positive effects on lifelong learning competence. Second, knowledge sharing among the organizational variables had meaningful influence on lifelong learning competence. Finally, interactions between gender and knowledge sharing and between learning motivation and learning organization culture had statistically meaningful effects.