The aim of this study was to investigate, using an eye-tracking tool, the processes behind the exploration of written texts performed by deaf people with different language skills and different educational backgrounds. Our sample comprised 36 deaf participants (12 of whom use Italian sign language most of the time, 12 who use Italian only, and 12 who can use both languages) and 12 hearing participants who could not understand any sign language. This research shows how in respect of oculomotor movements the discriminant variable is linked to the different educational backgrounds and the reading habits of participants.