This article explores both the prerequisites and barriers of perspective transformation in the context of two Eastern European societies as examples of post-totalitarian states. Although personal cognitive development is considered as an outcome of perspective transformation, I will demonstrate that certain manifestations of cognitive development as well as autonomous thinking are rather preconditions for engaging in the critical reflection and rational discourse necessary for perspective transformation. These manifestations cannot be taken for granted in societies with a long and still vivid tradition of totalitarianism.