The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were agreed at United Nations General Assembly Millennium Summit in 2000, address challenges in poverty reduction, hunger, health, gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability, an ambitious set of development targets aimed at reducing poverty and improving the lives of people all around the world by 2015. Over the past decade, notable progress has been made on each individual MDG even in the poorest countries and the most difficult circumstances. Such success shows that the MDGs can be achieved. Indeed, the MDGs have led to unprecedented commitments, partnerships and progress in combating poverty and hunger, in improving school enrolment, in fostering gender equality and in extending equal access to health care. Yet progress is uneven between and within regions and countries and often too slow to meet the 2015 deadline. There is a growing realization that, without renewed commitment and concerted action, some countries will not reach all of the MDGs. In recent years there has been a growing body of literature on the interconnectedness of education and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The purpose of this paper is to synthesize global evidence generated through various MDG Country Reports and supplementary documents that focus on trends toward progress and on the gaps and disparities that have arisen. The paper will help to establish a better understanding of how investment in education can lead to development outcomes that aid the achievement of the MDGs.