This paper aims to engage with issues around Greek national identity and in the light of the above, tries to demonstrate how Greek national identity responds to global pressures and how it is being fractured in an era of economic and humanitarian crisis and uncertainty. The purpose of this critical review of literature is not to simply present the crisis of the Greek national identity but to explore the tensions and the competing relations between national, European, cosmopolitan, religious and racial identities in contemporary Greece at a time of rapid socioeconomic change and in the face of the declining authority and legitimacy of the state. Moreover, the present critical review seeks to look into the reasons why Greek national identity not only persists to its traditionally pro-European character but also becomes more and more ethnocentric and racist. Although we may not be able to formulate straightforward answers to the above issue, looking at the Greek educational context and drawing attention to the crucial links, which exist between the Greek national education and the persisting ethnocentric character of the Greek national identity could probably help us understand and uproot some reasons of the aforementioned phenomenon.