The article presents a psychological, anthropological, and pedagogical analysis of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's childhood, which he spent in Votkinsk (which is now located in the Udmurt Republic). The author examines the history of the composer's childhood through the lens of educational axiology. The author uncovers the values of the child-parent relationships and the social environment of the future composer, which had both positive and negative effects on the formation and development of Tchaikovsky's talent, on the basis of memoirs, letters, and diaries. [Translated by Kenneth Cargill.]