Literacy skills are the cornerstones of student learning and achievement. Now more than ever, educators are expected to produce quantitative data that demonstrates a high level of literacy success. Simultaneously, teachers are encountering a diverse student population that requires greater differentiation in instructional strategies. This research review identifies fundamental topics in early years literacy instruction, kindergarten to grade 3. Skills such as printing and phonics have been curricular constants for generations. Other key facets of literacy development, including text structure awareness, vocabulary instruction, and content-area knowledge, continue to require attention. These best practices are all integral to long-term educational success.