The overriding objective of this study was to investigate secondary and university teachers' assessment conceptions in an EFL context using a four-factor ("Student Accountability", "School Accountability", "Improvement" and "Irrelevance") teachers' conceptions of assessment (TCoA) inventory (Brown, 2006). Data of the study were collected by a questionnaire administered to secondary school (n=336) and university (n=206) teachers. Factor analyses (exploratory factor analysis (EFA), parallel analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)), dimension analysis (SPSS R-Menu v.2.0) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)) using SPSS v. 22.0 and AMOS v. 21.0 were examined. Results delineated a three-factor model ("Accountability", "Improvement" and "Irrelevant") with an endorsement of and a significant relationship between "Accountability" and "Improvement". The ecological relationship between factors and indicators denoted teachers' misconceptions about assessment. Implications for future research on TCoA in similar-related contexts were also discussed.