The introduction and use of various forms of technology have been noted by historians of music education as significant influences on the ways in which music education has developed. In contrast to general computer-based technology, specific types of computer-based technology have strong relevance to the learning and teaching of music and other performing arts, owing to their ability to store and present sound and filmed events, to represent the multiple identities of performance educators (as creators, designers, performers, producers, researchers, teachers, technologists) through multimedia, and to provide sites of music creation, manipulation, and dissemination. In this article, the authors focus on one such technological innovation, the introduction and utilization of student e-portfolios in music and other performing arts education. They show the history of their use, the ways in which they have been and are currently implemented, and their influence on learning and teaching in these discipline areas.