The foundations of modern physical education in Turkey have been defined using arrangements of European countries. In general, it has been determined that European standards are taken into account as criteria when physical education is generally assessed. The evaluation of this development should also be made with scientific studies. It cannot be said that the researches carried out by the comparative research method are not sufficient; besides, many studies are carried out in different fields of physical education in Turkey. In this research the current status of physical education has been analyzed through comparative research methodology. Core aims of the study include assessing the value of PE to learners and the community; finding out and comparing teaching modules and approaches; comparing material environment around teaching PE; defining the modern trends in physical education development. Data have been collected by means of document analysis. Curriculum reform carried out in 2013 in Turkey was accepted as the start for the conducting of the document analysis. As a result, it must be accepted that Europe is an established physical education course culture. Turkey has been carrying out the reforms in recent years to create this culture. Europe has a strong heritage in terms of physical education while Turkey has increased its efforts in recent years to build this heritage. It has been revealed that the new physical education course content has been used in Turkey since 2004. Physical education and sports programs are designed on two basic areas of learning and development: mobility competence and active and healthy living. The basic structure of the physical education lesson teaching plan is based on the principles of physical, mental, individual, emotional and social skills, taking into account the environmental conditions and prevalence of providing physical activity and participation of students in sports.