Public investment in education and training occupies an important proportion in Vietnam public budget, approximately 20%, equivalent to 5% GDP. Public investment in education and training has many positive benefits and impact on the economy and society by contributing to economic growth, by improving the national productivity, people's qualification and intellectual level well as reducing unemployment, poverty in a country. On the basis of an empirical analysis in Vietnam, this paper proposes several relevant recommendation for Vietnam government to improve the performance of public investment in education and training by making contribution to ensure suitable investment structure as well as uphold important role of education and training to the development of the economy and society.