With the aim of examining the digital media literacy of primary school students, a perceived digital media literacy of primary student scale was developed. A cluster sampling was conducted, and 796 primary students in Beijing took part in this study. Results indicated that the instrument demonstrated good reliability and validity. The participants (the 5th and 6th grade primary students) reported rather a high level of critical understanding and technical skills. Regarding digital media literacy, although significant differences appeared within different grades and age groups, there was no significant difference between female and male students. Moreover, primary students' digital media literacy was significantly influenced by students' digital media experience and parental mediation. The implications regarding the findings of the digital media literacy of primary students were discussed.