The four perspectives in this paper were first presented as an interactive research/workshop symposium at RIME 9. The purpose of the symposium was to connect new media scholar Henry Jenkins's theory of 'participatory culture' (1992, 2006, 2009) to possible practices of 'participatory culture' in diverse music teaching and learning contexts. We ask: If participatory culture exists in music learning contexts--what is it? What are its dimensions? What does participatory culture look like and mean in other music cultures and different contexts/'places' (e.g. online, offline, and convergent settings)? Who can and who can't participate? How might this idea cause us to re-think some of our practices?