This study was prompted by concerns around mathematics teaching and learning in the South African education system. Contributory factors to this situation are the lack of competent mathematics teachers in the classroom and mathematics "at-risk" students entering teacher education programmes. This paper reports on how a mathematics intervention programme (MIP) assisted in shaping "at-risk" student Teachers' perceptions of their learning and teaching of mathematics. Activity Theory (AT) is used as a theoretical lens for examining these students' perceptions. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews with 12 students and their written and graphical reflections of their experiences in the MIP. The results confirm that the students' perceptions of their learning and teaching of mathematics had changed. Furthermore the study provides evidence that strategically planned interventions to deal with historically imbalances can and do work. The study concludes that the MIP had a positive effect on the students with regard to improving their attitudes and level of confidence in learning and teaching mathematics.