In Brazil we have identified a predilection of the authors of Mathematical History books for the discussion of the fundamentals of Differential and Integral Calculus. On the other hand, when we consider the teaching of Mathematics in the school context, it is essential to know the teaching of the historical and dynamic evolution of the concepts, moreover, mathematical objects more close to the Brazilian school reality. Thus, the present work discusses the notion of Catalan numbers, including its generalization process and epistemological aspects, with the adoption of some assumptions of Didactic Engineering. The work also presents a series of matrices and combinatorial properties that can be explored with the CAS Maple with the scope to attract a larger number of students to a teaching that shows the historical, mathematical and evolutionary epistemological aspects of the generalized Catalan numbers. In this way, it is observed that the teacher must present an extensive knowledge about the notion of "numbers" and not only of the fundamentals of Differential and Integral Calculus.