This study addresses the need for reliable and valid information concerning how innovative classrooms on college and university campuses affect teaching and learning. The Social Context and Learning Environments (SCALE) survey was developed though a three-stage process involving approximately 1300 college students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor solution that measures formal and informal aspects of student-to-student as well as student-to-instructor classroom relations. The resulting 26-item instrument can be used by instructors to measure classroom social context in different types of learning spaces and to guide efforts to improve student outcomes.