In this article, we review research on poverty, both poverty rates and the effects of poverty on academic achievement more generally and on the identification and services for low-income gifted children specifically. This review sets the stage for further discussion of the research findings on identification practices including the efficacy of various approaches to increase the identification of gifted students in poverty. We then review research on the effectiveness of programs designed specifically to identify students with potential and support them through talent development services. Finally, we conclude the literature review with recommendations for future research.