The purpose of the study is to explore the association between primary school teachers' perceptions of professional role and their innovative teaching in Central Taiwan. Quantitative research methods were employed, and data were collected from 554 Central Taiwanese teachers. The results of the present study indicated that elementary school teachers have highly perceived professional services and professional ethics for professional roles, and the teachers performed well in ideal thinking for innovative teaching. Also, the professional role perceptions of teachers, particularly the dimension of professional development, were significantly positively correlated with innovative teaching. Finally, the analysis results showed that the professional role perceptions, specifically the professional development dimension, effectively predicted innovative teaching.