Student response systems (SRSs) have been used in a number of disciplines in higher education and, generally, the literature reports this technology leading to very positive outcomes for student engagement and learning. Learning outcomes are particularly enhanced if the technology is used to promote higher order cognitive skills. Here, we discuss some benefits and identify some challenges involved, and suggest how pedagogical action research can usefully address these challenges. Pedagogical action research is concerned with reflection on current teaching practice, future objectives in terms of refining practice, and assessment of outcomes for both student and instructor. We suggest ways in which action research can provide fruitful and important data that, in turn, can lead to improved outcomes for instructors and students.