This study aims to determine the relationship between achievement motivation and professional competence with regard to the performance of teachers in public elementary schools in Central Java. The quantitative method is used in this study. The results of this study indicate that (1) there is a significant positive relationship between achievement motivation and work performance among elementary school teachers, with a correlation coefficient of 0.961. (2) There is a significant positive relationship between the professional competence and performance of elementary school teachers, with a correlation coefficient of 0.979. (3) There is a significant positive relationship between the achievement motivation and professional competence of teachers (considered together) and the work performance of elementary school teachers, with a correlation coefficient of 0.982 and contribution of 96.4%.