When it became evident that war was the method by which European countries would again struggle to solve problems of economic life and to settle points raised by different political philosophies, the thoughts of all groups interested in the welfare of young children turned to ways and means of alleviating hunger, homelessness, and the other ills that are the concomitants of all wars. This article details those issues and efforts to assist the refugees as the country struggled to help the incoming flood of refugees and children adjust and iron out the difficulties of resettlement and life in American schools. [Excerpts from this article are reprinted from "Childhood Education" v17 n3 1940 in celebration of "Childhood Education's" 125 year anniversary.]