This article presents an analysis of modernization of the education system in the Russian Federation from the viewpoint of both Western liberal and traditional conservative (Russian) ideologies and related retro-innovations. We describe negative trends in how individuals develop and define themselves against the backdrop of liberalization, individualization, and computerization of society and education system. The article demonstrates the role of retro-innovations in ensuring national security by instilling patriotism, citizenship, prosocial behavioral skills, and spiritual and moral qualities in the rising generation. [This article was translated by Kenneth Cargill.]