This article examines "raskol" (schism or split) as an archetype of Russian culture and looks at possible aspects for its social and pedagogical study. It proposes an interpretation of "raskol" as a phenomenon that has manifested itself in a variety of different ways over the course of Russia's history. The author poses the problem of connecting these different varieties of "raskol" with human socialization and highlights aspects of the relationship between the varieties of "raskol" and various universal characteristics of human socialization. [This article was translated by Lucy Gunderson.]