This article reviews the literature on the implementation of computer-mediated communication (CMC) in language learning, aiming at understanding how CMC environments have been implemented to foster language learning. The paper draws on 40 recent research articles selected from 10 peer-reviewed journals, 2 book chapters and one conference proceeding. It investigates the studies that have dealt with the CMC environments used for language learning, in particular the benefits of CMC in language learning; factors affecting the use of CMC in language learning, and current CMC environments used for language learning (such as emails, wikis, "YouTube," "Facebook"). The review discusses the findings of these studies and suggests guidelines for future research studies in this area. It concludes that further studies are necessary to investigate how language teachers can integrate CMC environments and organize suitable tasks. Also, further studies are necessary to determine the principles that are required to implement CMC in language learning.