The Domain Five Observation Instrument (DFOI) is a competency-based observation instrument recommended for sport leaders or researchers who wish to evaluate coaches' instructional behaviors. The DFOI includes 10 behavior categories and four timed categories that encompass 34 observable instructional benchmarks outlined in domain five of the National Standards for Sport Coaches. The DFOI stands apart from other competency-based observation tools in that it 1) focuses on coaches' instructional behaviors, 2) is based on Domain 5 ("Teaching and Communication") of the National Standards for Sport Coaches, and 3) can be used by both sport program leaders and researchers.