This survey paper discusses recent relevant contributions and trends in university-based teacher education "programs" for in-service and pre-service teachers. The goal of this small-scale survey of the mathematics education literature was to identify examples of studies that investigated such programs and their effectiveness in supporting change in teachers' knowledge, disposition, and teaching for the improvement of students' learning of mathematics. Themes emerging from the sample of these studies are identified and described to illustrate the nature and effectiveness of the programs, and implications for teacher education. Connections are made to the themes used to frame this special issue of "ZDM Mathematics Education" and how the studies in it contribute to this aspect of the field of mathematics education and further our understanding of it.