In today's society, education institutions must strive to develop graduates that are capable of facing the challenges they seek, and who are adaptable to the changes they will encounter post-graduation. Inherently, both institutions and educators must contain and exhibit these same attributes. Developing learners with high-level capabilities requires well developed and implemented curriculum that remains adaptable and relevant. Problem-based learning is a pedagogical choice that is appealing in this endeavor as it has a long history and holds promise for contemporary needs. However, it is complex and can be difficult to implement with confidence and efficacy. This paper looks at the issues surrounding modern learning, including a synopsis on learning theory from Bloom's taxonomy, to objectivism and constructivism, to learning assessment and assurance of learning. Problem-based learning is discussed with the intent to simplify its complexity and facilitate its application. Illustrative examples from the authors' experience are discussed.