Based on survey data on college students from 20 higher education institutions in Jiangsu Province, the effects of family capital on the academic performances of college students is analyzed. The study finds that family capital, place of origin, and birthplace clearly affect the academic performance, the chances of being appointed student cadres, the odds of receiving awards, and the English proficiency of college students. Based on this, the authors claim that the theory of social reproduction and theory of joint effect of family and school are relevant to explain the links between academic performance of college students and their family backgrounds. [This article was translated by Jeff Keller.]