Though the Catholic Church explicitly teaches that women cannot receive priestly ordination, opposition from within and outside the Church continues. The magisterium relies heavily upon the argument from Tradition, claiming that the action and teaching of Christ and his successors verify that he did not bestow upon the Church the power to ordain women. Other teachings against women's ordination serve as responses to specific arguments and help to further explain the Church's theology of woman and the priesthood, and to demonstrate that the Church can treat women with justice and respect, even while refusing to ordain them as priests. [For "The Ordination of Women in the Catholic Church: Arguments for Teachers and Students in Catholic Schools to Consider--Part 2 the Case For," see EJ1131221.]