For many centuries people who speak more than one language, that is to say second language (L2) users, have been admired. In the 16th century an advisor to Elizabeth I of England said: "For even as a hawk flieth not high with one wing, even so a man reacheth not to excellency with one tongue." (Roger Ascham, "The Scholemaster," 1570). In the 21st century the education minister for Elizabeth II proclaimed: "It is literally the case that learning languages makes you smarter. The neural networks in the brain strengthen as a result of language learning." (Michael Gove, UK Education Secretary, 2011). Yet, despite these public statements, bilingualism is more often seen as a problem to be solved than an asset to be developed. Second language (L2) users indeed have problems, whether social, psychological or economic--like everyone else. But few of these stem from their bilingualism itself.