Depression in pregnant women and mothers of very young children is a pressing public health issue. Maternal depression is linked to a number of serious difficulties for mothers, their young children, and mother-child relationships. Unrecognized and untreated, it can lead to long-lasting impairment for both mothers and their children. However, these negative outcomes are not inevitable, and studies of treatment and coordination with services that mothers receive, such as home visiting, are encouraging. With proper maternal and family intervention-emphasizing resiliency, social connection, and enhanced parenting skills--the negative impact of maternal depression can be significantly reduced and developmental outcomes for these children significantly enhanced.