Advances in brain imaging methods and technology over the last 2 decades have opened an unprecedented window into the understanding of the structure and function of the human brain. In this article, the authors describe their investigation of the relationship between maternal support, observed during the preschool period, and the size of key brain regions involved in emotion processing at school age. The findings demonstrated that maternal support had an effect on the healthy development of a brain region central to stress regulation and adaptive functioning in childhood.