Adoption is a major intervention in a child's life, however internationally adopted (IA) children remain at risk for long-term neurodevelopmental and mental health issues due to the fact that most of them have a history of early adversity prior to their adoption. In the last 20 years, extensive research with this population has increased the understanding of the risk factors related to early adversity and their long-term outcomes. This article illustrates how this information can be integrated into clinical practice, specifically the identification of physical and mental health areas that should be the focus of an initial clinical evaluation for higher risk children.