The article deals with the peculiarities of formation of pedagogical thought in Ukraine and Poland during the propagation of Renaissance ideas into pedagogical culture of 16th-17th centuries. It has been emphasized that founders of humanistic pedagogical culture in Ukraine were such outstanding scientists as Grygoriy Sanotskyi, Yuriy Drogobych, Mikolaj Kopernik, Pavlo Krosnenskyi and others. Problems of new man's formation, understanding his life purpose, expressions of his civic and spiritual activities, reevaluation of manual labour, peculiarities of moral education are studied on the basis of comparative analysis of famous Ukrainian-Polish humanists' works of XVI-XVII centuries. It has been stressed that the existence of close spiritual and intellectual relations between Ukrainian and Polish culture enabled the formation of humanistic pedagogical principles, European cultural and educational space, as well as the strengthening European life values. Educational thought of XVI-XVII centuries has been analyzed in the context of problems associated with the propagation of humanistic thinking among Ukrainian and Polish intellectuals, the reevaluation of man's role in the different spheres of life, the development of new educational culture in Ukraine.