This study provides an illustration of the ways in which schools can use intra-group analysis to identify salient factors related to achievement and to raise questions for further analysis. Previous research has analyzed data between demographic subgroups. This study, however, analyzes differences within the Black student cohort of one school district on multiple indicators of math performance. After presenting the analyses for a longitudinal cohort oh high school students, the study describes how findings help guide further qualitative studies in schools and classrooms. (e.g. by examining environment, climate, curriculum, and instruction) for the ultimate purpose of improving teaching and learning.