The purpose of this study is to analyze the modern problems of federalism in the Russian Federation. In particular, the article examines the main provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which regulate the legal status of subjects in the Russian Federation, their rights and responsibilities, limits of autonomy and differentiation principles of conducting and mutual delegation of powers between the Federal bodies and regional bodies of state power and administration. The study is based on methods, such as systematic, formal-logical, concrete-historical method of comparative legal analysis. The complexity of the provisions' implementation of the Constitution of Russia is dictated by several factors, one of which is the feature of formation and development of government forms. In our state, there are a lot of subjects with their national and cultural characteristics and distinctive history, significantly distinguishing the current situation--economic, political, and legal--of some subjects from others. This work deals with the topic of the legal status of republics (States) in Russia from the point of view of their characteristics as a state, relying primarily on provisions of the Russian Constitution and the constitutions of several subjects in Russia.