The research about gender differences and gender inequities in education continues to yield new insights that are relevant to schools, write David Sadker and Melissa Koch. In this article, they discuss four of these insights. (1) Stereotype threat is real, but malleable. For example, research shows that simply reminding females of their gender can negatively affect their performance on a math or science exam--but they can be inoculated against this threat if they're told that the exam scores don't vary by gender. (2) Our brains can change. There are few educationally relevant structural differences between male and female brains; most differences in performance are the result of socialization. (3) Girls and students of color face barriers to pursuing STEM careers, which can be reduced. (4) The "boy problem" in school behavior also relates to ethnicity, and solutions are complex.