The rapid growth of various types of addiction and deviance among children and adolescents has led to the necessity of psychological follow-up of children in the educational environment. Another high-priority task is to create a safe environment for childhood. The purpose of this article is to present the results of monitoring the state of work on prevention of addictive and suicidal behavior of children and adolescents in the educational establishment of Russia, as well as a substantiation of the school psychologists' role in the work of deviant behavior prevention. The leading method in studying addictive and deviant behavior prevention is large-scale monitoring. The monitoring identifies both the strengths and weaknesses of the work of psychological follow-up in the educational environment of the Russian Federation. The main findings of this study are: a determination of the state indicators of preventive work in the Russian educational system and the development of a model for the work of school psychologists in addictive and deviant behavior prevention. The practical significance of the study is in identifying and generalizing the positive experience of the formation of effective preventive approaches. These approaches should give psychological assistance to children and adolescents in difficult life situations. The results of the article can be used in the work of government bodies exercising administration in education, as a tool for diagnostic and preventive psychologists in schools, and in the system of general and additional professional education. It can be implemented in advanced training for specialists of addiction and deviance prevention of minors as well. [Note: The issue number (4) displayed on the PDF is incorrect. The correct citation is v11 n17.]