Modernization of Russian education meets the global trend of professionalization of teachers' training which assumes strengthening the practical orientation of educational programs as a significant factor in increasing the competitiveness of the teacher in the modern educational environment. The purpose of the article is to identify and experimentally test the conditions for effective practical training of teachers in the framework of the educational program of pedagogical magistracy. The study was conducted on the basis of the methods of theoretical and empirical level. The leading method is the method of pedagogical experiment allowing to determine the effectiveness of professionally-oriented training of teachers, to identify a set of conditions for the organization of this process. The achievement of positive results of the pilot study was obtained due to the implementation of the following pedagogical conditions: the reliance on the idea of the activity approach, a focus on modular design of the basic professional educational program of pedagogical magistracy, a change of the organization procedure and the content of practices, partnerships of educational institutions in the context of the professionalization of teachers' training, a change in the assessment procedure of professional competencies and labour actions of teachers. The findings demonstrate the increasing level of formation of professional competence and labour actions of graduates which both form the basis of student's qualification. The materials of the article are valuable for scientists, graduates, teachers of educational institutions.