The relevance of the topic is determined by the new challenges faced by the Russian state in modern conditions that have a significant impact on public administration, which entails the need for its comprehensive modernization. In this regard, this article is aimed at the disclosure of social and socio-cultural aspects of the modernization of management as the most important part of it. Leading method to the study of this problem is the expert interviews, which allowed to reveal comprehensively the main factors influencing the possibilities of modernization of the public administration both in positive and negative ways. The article presents the basic models and approaches to the public management, identifies and studies opinion of the expert community on the issue of modernization of management in the present situation, bases the necessity of a multifaceted study of possible consequences, and develops social and sociological figures and indicators to reflect the dynamics of social impacts in the context of modernization of public administration.