The article presents the theoretical framework for a competency-based approach in higher education. It shows that the general didactic principles of professional direction, interdisciplinary connections, fundamentalization and informatization form the didactic basis for the competency-based training in university. The article also actualizes the integrated use of effective approaches to training, namely, competency-based, contextual, interdisciplinary, fundamental and subject-information approaches to training, among which the competency-based approach is leading. The basic organizational and pedagogical conditions promoting the formation of competence are defined in the form of the organization of polycontextual modules in training. Besides, the article outlines the ways to enhance the effectiveness of e-learning in the future.