ERIC Number: EJ1116051
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2016-Oct
Pages: 14
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0278-7393
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: N/A
Mentally Simulating Narrative Perspective Is Not Universal or Necessary for Language Comprehension
BrunyƩ, Tad T.; Ditman, Tali; Giles, Grace E.; Holmes, Amanda; Taylor, Holly A.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, v42 n10 p1592-1605 Oct 2016
Readers differentially adopt an agent's perspective as a function of pronouns encountered during reading. The present study assessed the reliability of this effect across narrative contexts and self-reported variation in levels of engagement during reading. Experiment 1 used an extended sample (N = 263) and replicated an interactive influence of pronouns on perspectives adopted during reading simple action sentences (e.g., "You are peeling the cucumber."), with "You" promoting an agent's perspective, and He promoting an onlooker's external perspective. The magnitude of this effect was partially accounted for by individual differences in the tendency to get actively engaged during reading. Specifically, readers who self-reported greater empathic engagement during reading also showed a higher likelihood to adopt an agent's perspective when sentences used the pronoun "You" or "I." Experiment 2 (N = 217) examined whether these influences of pronouns and individual differences would emerge with relatively realistic, extended narratives; effects were generally less robust than with single sentence scenarios, though empathic engagement still predicted adopting an agent's perspective with the pronoun "You" or "I." Furthermore, even in the absence of perspective modulation in response to pronouns, comprehension was maintained. These results demonstrate that differentially adopting perspectives as a function of pronouns is not universal or necessary for comprehension, but rather influenced by narrative context and individuals' propensity to find themselves immersed in described events. Results are considered within the framework of embodied cognition, representational pluralism, individual differences, and high-powered replication projects.
Descriptors: Language Processing, Reading Processes, Reliability, Form Classes (Languages), Individual Differences, Sentences, Prediction, Reading Comprehension, Schemata (Cognition), Perspective Taking, College Students, Questionnaires, Student Attitudes, Factor Analysis, Scoring, Item Analysis, Inferences, Statistical Analysis, Accuracy, Reaction Time, Task Analysis
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education; Postsecondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Massachusetts
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A